Metonymy — The Whole for the Part or Vice Versa

Definition: Using a word in other than its literal meaning based on a non-similarity relation — part-whole, cause-effect, etc.

Types with Quranic examples:

• Part for whole: "They put their fingers in their ears" (2:19) — fingers means fingertips
• Whole for part: "They twist their tongues with the Book" (3:78) — "the Book" means part of it
• Cause for effect: "We send down water from the sky and bring forth vegetation" — water is cause, vegetation is effect