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The Existential Question in the Quran — The Rhetorical Interrogative Style

balagha Level: intermediate istifham blg-065
وَفِيٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَفَلَا تُبۡصِرُونَ
— الذاريات 21
Definition of rhetorical interrogative:
Using the question form not for seeking information — but for various rhetorical purposes: affirmation, denial, arousal of interest, wonder, regret, argumentation.

Types of rhetorical interrogative and Quranic examples:
  1. Affirmative interrogative: "Did We not expand your breast for you?" (94:1) — not a question but affirmation: "We have indeed expanded your breast" — the affirmative interrogative makes the affirmed thing a given truth.
  2. Denial interrogative: "Are you then to compel people until they believe?" (10:99) — means absolute negation — no, no one is compelled to believe.
  3. Interest-arousing interrogative: "Has the news of the Overwhelming come to you?" (88:1) — creates anticipation before informing.
  4. Regret interrogative: "Do you not reason?" (2:44) — reproof and regret for those who abandoned reason.
  5. The great existential question: "And in the earth are signs for those certain in faith — and in yourselves, do you not see?" (51:20-21) — a question reformulating the human's relationship with self and universe.
Source: Al-Zarkashi (3/196); Al-Jurjani (p.125); Al-Suyuti (3/228)
Question: What are the five types of rhetorical interrogative? Give a Quranic example for each.
Answer: Affirmative (Did We not expand) — Denial (Are you to compel) — Interest-arousing (Has the news come) — Regret (Do you not reason) — Existential (And in yourselves, do you not see).
Printed from quran.zayenha.com — 7/27/2026