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The Implied Metaphor — "Lower for Them the Wing of Humility"

balagha Level: intermediate istiara blg-068
وَٱخۡفِضۡ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ ٱلذُّلِّ مِنَ ٱلرَّحۡمَةِ
— الإسراء 24
Definition of the implied metaphor:
A metaphor in which the vehicle (compared-to) is deleted and only its implication (what points to it) is retained — pointing to the vehicle through contextual indication.

The verse:
"And lower for them the wing of humility out of mercy." (17:24)

Rhetorical analysis:
  • The tenor: humility and mercy toward parents
  • The vehicle: a bird that lowers its wing — deleted
  • The retained implication: "wing" — a property of the bird — kept instead of mentioning the bird
Why is the implied metaphor more eloquent here?
To say "be like a bird lowering its wing" would be a plain simile. But deleting the vehicle (the bird) and retaining its wing makes humility itself a bird lowering its wing — a more evocative image that fuses more tightly with the meaning.

Al-Jurjani: "The implied metaphor merges the two meanings until they become one — and for this reason it is more eloquent than the explicit simile."
Source: Al-Jurjani, Asrar Al-Balagha (p.54); Al-Zamakhshari (2/653); Al-Maydani (1/348)
Question: What is the implied metaphor in "lower for them the wing of humility"? What is deleted and what is retained?
Answer: The vehicle (the bird) is deleted — the retained element is "wing," a property of the bird. Humility is compared to a bird lowering its wing, then the bird is deleted and only the wing remains.
Printed from quran.zayenha.com — 6/3/2026