Definition of Al-Tashbih Al-Tamthili:
Representational simile: a comparison where the point of resemblance is a composite image drawn from multiple elements — a compound posture, not a single attribute.
The verse:
"The likeness of those who were given the Torah then did not carry it is like the donkey carrying books." (62:5)
Analysis:
- Mushabah (compared): scholars of Bani Israel who held the Torah as knowledge without action
- Mushabah bihi (compared to): a donkey carrying heavy books without understanding their content
- Point of resemblance: composite image = carrying something precious + ignorance of its content + no benefit derived
Why is it representational and not ordinary?
The point of resemblance is not one attribute (like stupidity) — but a complete scene: weight of the load + ignorance of what is carried + absence of benefit. This is tamthili tashbih.
Rhetorical effect:
Choosing a donkey specifically over other animals is precise — the donkey exemplifies patience under burden and ignorance simultaneously — combining both images in one animal.
Question: What is the difference between representational and ordinary simile? Give an example from the verse.
Answer: Tamthili: point of resemblance is a composite image from multiple elements. Ordinary: point of resemblance is a single attribute. Example: "donkey carrying books" = composite posture (carrying + ignorance + no benefit).