Hadd of Hiraba — Severest Punishments in the Quran
fiqh
Level: advanced
hudud
fqh-080
إِنَّمَا جَزَٰٓؤُاْ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ
— المائدة 33
Verse: "The penalty of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive to spread corruption is: execution, or crucifixion, or cutting off hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land." (5:33)
Hiraba: Armed highway robbery — taking property or killing while terrorizing society.
Punishments by severity of crime: (1) Execution if killing occurred. (2) Crucifixion if killed and took wealth. (3) Cross-limb cutting if only took wealth. (4) Exile/imprisonment if only terrorized without taking or killing.
Repentance before capture: Drops the hadd — but does not remove victims' rights (blood money and compensation).
Source: Al-Qurtubi (6/151); Al-Jassas (2/557); Al-Mughni (12/473)
Question: What are the different punishments for hiraba and how does repentance before capture affect them?
Answer: Punishment varies by crime: execution, crucifixion, cutting, or exile. Repentance before capture drops the hadd — but does not eliminate victims' rights.