Allah Does Not Forgive Associating Partners with Him But Forgives What Is Less — The Only Red Line
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إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَغۡفِرُ أَن يُشۡرَكَ بِهِۦ وَيَغۡفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ
— النساء 48
Verse: "Indeed Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whoever He wills. Whoever associates partners with Allah has gone far astray." (4:48) — Two great glad tidings and one grave matter: First glad tiding: "He forgives what is less than that" — every sin below shirk is within the circle of divine forgiveness. Second glad tiding: "for whoever He wills" — indicates the vastness of mercy not its restriction. The grave matter: shirk alone is the exception — "does not forgive associating." "Gone far astray" — the one who commits shirk did not make an ordinary mistake but walked a path that leads nowhere because it goes in the completely opposite direction. Lesson: this verse is a source of hope for every sinner who has not committed shirk — the only red line is shirk.
Source: Ibn Kathir (2/299); Al-Sadi; Al-Qurtubi (5/252)
Question: Does "He forgives what is less than that for whoever He wills" mean a Muslim is guaranteed forgiveness for every sin?
Answer: No — "for whoever He wills" keeps it as divine discretion not absolute guarantee, which keeps the servant between hope and fear and drives them to repentance and action.