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Ikhfa Shafawi — Meem before Ba

tajweed Level: intermediate meem-rules tj-009

Ikhfa Shafawi occurs when Meem Sakinah meets Ba (ب) only.

How to perform:

Close lips for Meem without pressing hard
Maintain ghunnah for 2 counts from the nasal passage
Then pronounce Ba

Difference from Izhar:
Izhar: lips close firmly and open clearly.
Ikhfa: lips close lightly with ghunnah before Ba.

Examples:

"وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِينَ" — meem sakinah before ba
"تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ" — meem sakinah before ba

Source: Matn Al-Jazariyyah by Ibn Al-Jazari (d. 833H)

Question: What is the Ikhfa Shafawi letter? How long is the ghunnah?

Answer: Ikhfa Shafawi letter is Ba (ب) only, ghunnah lasts 2 counts