Madd literally means extension/prolongation.
Technically: extending the sound using one of the three Madd letters.
Three Madd letters:
- Alif sakinah preceded by a fathah (ا)
- Waw sakinah preceded by a dammah (وْ)
- Ya sakinah preceded by a kasrah (يْ)
Madd levels: measured in "Harakah" (time of one vowel)
- 2 harakaat — Natural Madd (Tabi'i)
- 4 harakaat — Muttasil and Munfasil
- 6 harakaat — Lazim Madd
Question: What are the three Madd letters and their conditions?
Answer: Alif sakinah after fathah, Waw sakinah after dammah, Ya sakinah after kasrah