Madd Al-Munfasil (Separated): Madd letter at end of one word, hamza at beginning of next word.
Why "separated": The Madd letter and the hamza are in two different words.
Also called Permissible (Jaa'iz) due to existence of qasr modes in other readings.
Duration in Hafs: 4 or 5 counts (via Shatibiyyah). Via Tayyibah, qasr (2 counts) is also permitted.
Examples:
- Alif + hamza: إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ، يَا أَيُّهَا، وَمَا أُمِرُوا، هَا أَنْتُمْ
- Waw + hamza: قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ
- Ya + hamza: فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ، الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ
vs. Muttasil: Muttasil is in one word (جَاءَ); Munfasil is across two words (إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا).
Note: If you stop on the first word, Munfasil disappears — natural Madd (2 counts) returns.
Question: Why is the Madd in "إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ" called Munfasil? How does it differ from Muttasil like "جَاءَ"? What happens if we stop on "إِنَّا"?
Answer: Called "separated" because the Madd letter is in "إِنَّا" while the hamza is in the separate next word "أَنْزَلْنَاهُ". Muttasil is in one word and obligatory. If we stop on "إِنَّا", the Munfasil disappears and natural Madd returns (2 counts)