Small & Big Idgham + Obligatory, Permissible & Forbidden
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Level: advanced
idgham-types
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Idgham by First Letter's State:
(1) Small Idgham: First letter sukoon, second moving. Examples: قَالَت طَّائِفَةٌ، ارْكَب مَّعَنَا، قُل رَّبِّ
(2) Big Idgham: Both letters moving.
In Hafs (via Shatibiyyah): NOT applied — both pronounced clearly.
In As-Soosi: applied in some places like "يَعْلَمُ مَا" → "يَعْلَمَّا".
Idgham by Ruling:
(1) Obligatory: Must be done. Examples: ارْكَب مَّعَنَا، مِن لَّدُنْهُ، Lam-Shamsi merger.
(2) Permissible: Can be done or left. Different across qira'aat.
(3) Forbidden: Must use izhar. Examples: الدُّنْيَا، بُنْيَان (one word), مَنْ آمَنَ (throat letters).
Complete vs. Partial Idgham:
Complete: First letter's essence and quality both gone (becomes shaddah).
Partial: Essence gone, quality remains. Examples: بَسَطتَ، أَحَطتُ (Itbaq of Ta remains).
Source: An-Nashr (1/274-294) | Matn Al-Jazariyyah | Hidayat Al-Qari
Question: Is Big Idgham applied in Hafs via Shatibiyyah? What is the difference between Complete and Partial Idgham?
Answer: No, Big Idgham is not applied in Hafs via Shatibiyyah. Complete: essence and quality both gone (e.g., اركَب مَّعَنَا). Partial: essence gone, quality remains (e.g., بَسَطتَ — Itbaq quality remains)