Five Degrees of Religious Rulings
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Level: basic
fiqh-terms
trm-021
وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
— البقرة 43
Five degrees: (1) Fard/Wajib (obligatory): abandoner punished, doer rewarded. (2) Mandub/Sunnah (recommended): doer rewarded, abandoner not punished. (3) Mubah (permitted): no reward/punishment intrinsically. (4) Makruh (disliked): avoider rewarded, doer not punished. (5) Muharam (forbidden): doer punished, avoider rewarded.
Fard ayn vs. fard kifaya: Individual obligation vs. collective obligation.
Source: Al-Juwayni, Al-Waraqat; Al-Ghazali, Al-Mustasfa
Question: What is the difference between makruh and haram?
Answer: Makruh doer not punished but avoider rewarded. Haram doer punished and avoider rewarded.