Intermediate
Intermediate
Surah: Al-Nisa (123)
Divisions of Idhhar — Throat, Labial, and Absolute
مَن يَعۡمَلۡ سُوٓءٗا يُجۡزَ بِهِۦ
— النساء الآية 123
Definition of Idhhar:
Idhhar: pronouncing the letter clearly from its articulation point without merging, hiding, or conversion.
First — Throat Idhhar (Halqi):
Occurs when sukoon noon or tanween precedes one of the six throat letters: (Hamza, Haa, Ayn, Haa, Ghain, Khaa). The noon/tanween is pronounced clearly with no extended ghunna. Example: "Man aamana" (sukoon noon before hamza).
Second — Labial Idhhar (Shafawi):
Occurs when sukoon meem precedes any letter except baa and meem. Example: "Wa lahum adhaabun" — sukoon meem before ayn: meem is pronounced clearly.
Third — Absolute Idhhar (Mutlaq):
Occurs when sukoon noon precedes waaw or yaa within the same word — no merging here unlike when in two separate words. Example: "Al-dunyaa" — sukoon noon and yaa in the same word, so noon is clearly pronounced. But "man yamalu" (two words) is merged.
Unifying rule:
All three types of Idhhar = pronouncing the letter (sukoon noon or meem) clearly from its correct articulation point without any influence from the following letter.
Idhhar: pronouncing the letter clearly from its articulation point without merging, hiding, or conversion.
First — Throat Idhhar (Halqi):
Occurs when sukoon noon or tanween precedes one of the six throat letters: (Hamza, Haa, Ayn, Haa, Ghain, Khaa). The noon/tanween is pronounced clearly with no extended ghunna. Example: "Man aamana" (sukoon noon before hamza).
Second — Labial Idhhar (Shafawi):
Occurs when sukoon meem precedes any letter except baa and meem. Example: "Wa lahum adhaabun" — sukoon meem before ayn: meem is pronounced clearly.
Third — Absolute Idhhar (Mutlaq):
Occurs when sukoon noon precedes waaw or yaa within the same word — no merging here unlike when in two separate words. Example: "Al-dunyaa" — sukoon noon and yaa in the same word, so noon is clearly pronounced. But "man yamalu" (two words) is merged.
Unifying rule:
All three types of Idhhar = pronouncing the letter (sukoon noon or meem) clearly from its correct articulation point without any influence from the following letter.
Source: Matn Al-Jazariyya by Ibn Al-Jazari; Hidayat Al-Qari by Al-Mursifi (1/190); Al-Tamheed by Ibn Al-Jazari
Test Yourself
What is the difference between throat idhhar and absolute idhhar? Give an example of each.
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