Intermediate
Metonymy
Ha' Al-Kinayah (Pronoun Ha) — Rule and Exceptions
Ha' Al-Kinayah (Pronoun Ha): The extra Ha at word ending referring to singular masculine third person: إِنَّهُ، بِهِ، لَهُ.
Rule in Hafs: The Ha is extended (Sillah) if between two moving letters; silenced if preceded or followed by a sukoon.
(1) Sillah Sughra (2 counts): Between two moving letters, no hamza after.
Examples: إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ، لَهُۥ مَا فِي، بِهِۦ سُلْطَاناً
(2) Sillah Kubra (4-5 counts): Between two moving letters with hamza after.
Examples: عِنْدَهُۥٓ إِلَّا، وَمَالَهُۥٓ إِذَا، بِهِۦٓ أَحَداً
(3) No Sillah: Preceded by sukoon (مِنْهُ، فِيهِ) or followed by sukoon (لَهُ الْمُلْكُ).
Hafs Exceptions:
Rule in Hafs: The Ha is extended (Sillah) if between two moving letters; silenced if preceded or followed by a sukoon.
(1) Sillah Sughra (2 counts): Between two moving letters, no hamza after.
Examples: إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ، لَهُۥ مَا فِي، بِهِۦ سُلْطَاناً
(2) Sillah Kubra (4-5 counts): Between two moving letters with hamza after.
Examples: عِنْدَهُۥٓ إِلَّا، وَمَالَهُۥٓ إِذَا، بِهِۦٓ أَحَداً
(3) No Sillah: Preceded by sukoon (مِنْهُ، فِيهِ) or followed by sukoon (لَهُ الْمُلْكُ).
Hafs Exceptions:
- يَرْضَهُ لَكُمْ (Zumar 7) — No mad despite being between movers (preferred: ikhtilas)
- فِيهِ مُهَاناً (Furqan 69) — Mad applied despite preceding sukoon
- أَرْجِهْ (A'raf 111) — Silenced
Source: An-Nashr (1/304-310) | Hidayat Al-Qari (p. 137) | Ghayat Al-Mureed
Test Yourself
Why is no Madd applied to Ha in "مِنْهُ" and "فِيهِ"? What is the ruling in "إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ" and "عِنْدَهُۥٓ إِلَّا"?
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