Intermediate
Madd
Madd Lazim Harfi & Madd Al-Farq
Madd Lazim Harfi: The Madd in disconnected letters at surah openings.
"Harfi" because it occurs in a letter (not a word).
Duration: 6 counts (for the Lazim parts).
Three categories of letters in Fawatih:
(1) Natural Madd (2 counts): ح ي ط ه ر — "Hayy Tahara"
(2) Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf (6 counts, no idgham): ن ق ص ع س ل ك م — "Naqasa 'Asaluk(um)"
Examples: ن وَالْقَلَمِ، ص وَالْقُرْآنِ، ق وَالْقُرْآنِ
(3) Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal (6 counts + idgham): The Lam in "الم" (Lam merges into next Meem).
Examples: الم (Baqarah, Imran, Ankabut, Rum, Luqman, Sajdah)
Madd Al-Farq: When interrogative hamza enters a word starting with wasl-hamza, the alif extends 6 counts to distinguish question from statement.
Six places in Qur'an:
• قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ (An'am 143, 144) — 2 places
• آلْآنَ (Yunus 51, 91) — 2 places
• آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ (Yunus 59) — 1 place
• آللَّهُ خَيْرٌ (Naml 59) — 1 place
"Harfi" because it occurs in a letter (not a word).
Duration: 6 counts (for the Lazim parts).
Three categories of letters in Fawatih:
(1) Natural Madd (2 counts): ح ي ط ه ر — "Hayy Tahara"
(2) Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf (6 counts, no idgham): ن ق ص ع س ل ك م — "Naqasa 'Asaluk(um)"
Examples: ن وَالْقَلَمِ، ص وَالْقُرْآنِ، ق وَالْقُرْآنِ
(3) Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal (6 counts + idgham): The Lam in "الم" (Lam merges into next Meem).
Examples: الم (Baqarah, Imran, Ankabut, Rum, Luqman, Sajdah)
Madd Al-Farq: When interrogative hamza enters a word starting with wasl-hamza, the alif extends 6 counts to distinguish question from statement.
Six places in Qur'an:
• قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ (An'am 143, 144) — 2 places
• آلْآنَ (Yunus 51, 91) — 2 places
• آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ (Yunus 59) — 1 place
• آللَّهُ خَيْرٌ (Naml 59) — 1 place
Source: Tuhfat Al-Atfal verses 40-44 | Matn Al-Jazariyyah verses 56-60 | An-Nashr (1/333)
Test Yourself
In "الم" — what is the duration of Lam's and Meem's Madd? Why the difference? What are the six places of Madd Al-Farq?
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