Advanced Qiraat

Definition: A reading that lacks one of the conditions required for an accepted qira'a, even if its chain of transmission is sound — contrasted with mutawatir (mass-transmitted) accepted readings.

Conditions for an accepted (mutawatir) reading:

1. Authentic chain of transmission to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
2. Conformity with the 'Uthmanic manuscript script (even as a possibility)
3. Conformity with a valid form of the Arabic language

Shadhdha reading: Any reading missing one or more of these three conditions — even if attributed to a prominent Companion or Successor.

Examples:

• Ibn Mas'ud's reading: "Cut off both their right hands" — contradicts the agreed-upon script.
• Ubayy ibn Ka'b's reading: added words not in the 'Uthmanic codex.

Ruling on worship use: Not valid for recitation in prayer; not considered Quran. However, may be referenced in tafsir for understanding meaning, as some are essentially commentary on the verse.

Source: Ibn al-Jazari, Al-Nashr fi al-Qiraat al-Ashr (1/9); Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan (1/211); Al-Zarqani, Manahil al-Irfan (1/394)

Tags: القراءات الشاذةالقراءاتعلوم القرآنالمصحف العثماني