Separation and Connection — When to Separate and When to Join with "Wa"

The basis of connection: A sentence is joined to what precedes it with "wa" when it shares its ruling or topic.
The basis of separation: No conjunction when it is a new beginning, clarification, answer to an implied question, or completely disconnected.

The four main positions for separation:

1. Complete disconnection: two sentences with no shared topic.
2. Complete connection: the second sentence confirms or explains the first.
3. Near-complete disconnection: conjunction would imply a corrupt shared meaning.
4. Near-complete connection: the second is the answer to an implied question.

Precise Quranic example:
"Deaf, dumb, blind" (2:18) — three attributes listed without "wa" because each completes the preceding in an ascending degree — if "and" were inserted, it would equalize them. Separation conveyed escalation and accumulation.