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Surah: Al-Baqarah (190)
Jihad — Its Rulings and Conditions
وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ وَلَا تَعۡتَدُوٓاْ
— البقرة الآية 190
Verse: "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, and do not transgress. Allah does not love aggressors." (2:190)
Defensive jihad: Individual obligation on those being fought — the verse restricts fighting to those who fight.
Offensive jihad: Collective obligation — if some perform it, the rest are relieved. Conditional on imam's permission and capability.
"Do not transgress": Jihad has ethics — no killing of women, children, monks, and non-combatants.
Defensive jihad: Individual obligation on those being fought — the verse restricts fighting to those who fight.
Offensive jihad: Collective obligation — if some perform it, the rest are relieved. Conditional on imam's permission and capability.
"Do not transgress": Jihad has ethics — no killing of women, children, monks, and non-combatants.
Source: Al-Qurtubi (2/349); Al-Jassas (1/279); Ibn Qudama (9/163)
Test Yourself
What is the difference in ruling between defensive and offensive jihad?
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