Intermediate
Transactions
Surah: An-Nisa (135)
Justice in Testimony — Even Against Oneself
كُونُواْ قَوَّٰمِينَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِ شُهَدَآءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۡ
— النساء الآية 135
Verse: "Be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives." (4:135)
Testimony against oneself: Bearing witness is obligatory even against your own personal interest — including admitting rightful claims of opponents.
"Qawwamina" (persistently standing): Intensive form — maintain justice as a deep-rooted characteristic, not an occasional stance.
Testimony against oneself: Bearing witness is obligatory even against your own personal interest — including admitting rightful claims of opponents.
"Qawwamina" (persistently standing): Intensive form — maintain justice as a deep-rooted characteristic, not an occasional stance.
Source: Al-Qurtubi (5/413); Ibn Al-Arabi (1/474); Ibn Qudama (10/96)
Test Yourself
What does "qawwamina bil-qist" mean and how does it differ from just "qa'imina"?
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