Intermediate
Madd
Madd Al-Badal & Madd Al-Iwad — Definition and Complete Examples
(1) Madd Al-Badal (Substitute Madd):
Hamza precedes a Madd letter in one word. Originally two hamzas — second silenced and replaced by a homogeneous Madd letter.
Duration: 2 counts.
Examples: آدَمَ، آمَنُوا، إِيمَاناً، أُوتِيَ، أُولَئِكَ
Also "شبه بدل" (madd letter after hamza): قُرْآن، الْآن، شَنَآن.
(2) Madd Al-Iwad (Compensation Madd):
Stopping on tanween fath converts the tanween into an Alif of 2 counts.
Condition: Only at waqf (not wasl).
Examples: غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً → "رَّحِيمَا" | عَلِيماً حَكِيماً → "حَكِيمَا" | أَفْوَاجاً → "أَفْوَاجَا"
Exception: No mad on tanween fath of ta marbutah (ـة) — stops as silent ha. Examples: جَنَّةً → "جَنَّهْ"
Hamza precedes a Madd letter in one word. Originally two hamzas — second silenced and replaced by a homogeneous Madd letter.
Duration: 2 counts.
Examples: آدَمَ، آمَنُوا، إِيمَاناً، أُوتِيَ، أُولَئِكَ
Also "شبه بدل" (madd letter after hamza): قُرْآن، الْآن، شَنَآن.
(2) Madd Al-Iwad (Compensation Madd):
Stopping on tanween fath converts the tanween into an Alif of 2 counts.
Condition: Only at waqf (not wasl).
Examples: غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً → "رَّحِيمَا" | عَلِيماً حَكِيماً → "حَكِيمَا" | أَفْوَاجاً → "أَفْوَاجَا"
Exception: No mad on tanween fath of ta marbutah (ـة) — stops as silent ha. Examples: جَنَّةً → "جَنَّهْ"
Source: Matn Al-Jazariyyah | Tuhfat Al-Atfal verses 33-34 | Hidayat Al-Qari (p. 257)
Test Yourself
How do you stop on "غَفُوراً" and "رَحْمَةً" at verse end? Why the difference?
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