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Surah: Al-Baqarah (285)
Ibdal — Converting the Hamza into a Long Vowel
ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ
— البقرة الآية 285
Definition of Ibdal:
Ibdal: converting a sukoon hamza into a long vowel matching the movement of the letter before it. If preceded by fatha — it becomes alif; dhamma — waaw; kasra — yaa.
Notable Ibdal positions in Hafs:
Rule of Ibdal:
Ibdal applies only to sukoon hamza — the voweled hamza is not changed by analogy in Hafs except where transmitted by hearing.
Practical benefit:
Many hamzas the reader thinks are original are actually ibdal from sukoon hamzas — knowing this aids correct pronunciation and understanding word roots.
Ibdal: converting a sukoon hamza into a long vowel matching the movement of the letter before it. If preceded by fatha — it becomes alif; dhamma — waaw; kasra — yaa.
Notable Ibdal positions in Hafs:
- "Aamana" — originally "A-amana"; the second sukoon hamza became alif (lengthened).
- "Eemaan" — originally "Ei-maan"; the sukoon hamza became yaa.
- "Yu-minu" — when stopping: pure sukoon, no ibdal. When continuing: hamza is fully pronounced.
Rule of Ibdal:
Ibdal applies only to sukoon hamza — the voweled hamza is not changed by analogy in Hafs except where transmitted by hearing.
Practical benefit:
Many hamzas the reader thinks are original are actually ibdal from sukoon hamzas — knowing this aids correct pronunciation and understanding word roots.
Source: Al-Nashr by Ibn Al-Jazari (1/356); Al-Tamheed by Ibn Al-Jazari; Hidayat Al-Qari by Al-Mursifi
Test Yourself
What is the condition for Ibdal on hamza? What does the original hamza in "Eemaan" become?
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