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Hamzah Rules
Starting with Wasl + Two Hamzas + Tashil + Naql
(1) Starting with Wasl Hamza (Hafs):
In one word: Second silenced hamza replaced by Madd letter matching first's vowel:
أَأْدَم → آدَم | إِئْمَان → إِيمَان | أُؤْتِيَ → أُوتِيَ
From two words: Both pronounced (Hafs). Example: جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ
(3) Tashil (only place in Hafs):
"ءَأَعْجَمِيٌّ" in Surah Fussilat 44.
The second hamza is softened between hamza and alif. Hafs has two valid modes: tashil (preferred) and tahqiq.
(4) Naql (only place in Hafs):
"بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ" (Hujurat 11).
The kasrah of the dropped wasl-hamza is transferred to the Lam. Two modes: naql (preferred) and no-naql.
- "Al" article → Fathah: الْحَمْدُ starts as أَلْحَمْدُ
- Ten nouns → Kasrah: ابْن starts as إِبْن
- Verb with kasrah-3rd → Kasrah: اضْرِبْ → إِضْرِبْ
- Verb with fathah-3rd → Kasrah: اذْهَبْ → إِذْهَبْ
- Verb with dammah-3rd (essential) → Dammah: اقْتُلْ → أُقْتُلْ
- Verb with dammah-3rd (accidental) → Kasrah: امْشُوا → إِمْشُوا
In one word: Second silenced hamza replaced by Madd letter matching first's vowel:
أَأْدَم → آدَم | إِئْمَان → إِيمَان | أُؤْتِيَ → أُوتِيَ
From two words: Both pronounced (Hafs). Example: جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ
(3) Tashil (only place in Hafs):
"ءَأَعْجَمِيٌّ" in Surah Fussilat 44.
The second hamza is softened between hamza and alif. Hafs has two valid modes: tashil (preferred) and tahqiq.
(4) Naql (only place in Hafs):
"بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ" (Hujurat 11).
The kasrah of the dropped wasl-hamza is transferred to the Lam. Two modes: naql (preferred) and no-naql.
Source: An-Nashr (1/300, 388, 410) | At-Taysir | Hidayat Al-Qari
Test Yourself
What is the only place of Tashil in Hafs? Of Naql? Why do we start "الْحَمْدُ" with fathah but "اضْرِبْ" with kasrah?
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