Tajweed Rules Basic Madd

Madd — Definition & Levels

Madd literally means extension/prolongation. Technically: extending the sound using one of the three Madd letters. Three Madd letters:…

Tajweed Rules Basic Articulation Points

Al-Jawf — The Madd Letters' Origin

Al-Jawf (the cavity): the empty space inside mouth and throat. The three Madd letters originate here: Alif (ا after fathah), Waw sakinah…

Tajweed Rules Advanced Madd

Fari Mad — All Types Summarized in a Table

Definition of Fari Mad: Fari Mad: any extension beyond the natural mad (two counts) due to hamza or sukoon — there are seven main types. …

Tajweed Rules Advanced Tarteel

Prosodic Segmentation and Phonetic Syllables in the Quran

The phonetic syllable in Arabic: The phonetic syllable is a pronunciation unit beginning with a consonant followed by a vowel. In tajweed…

Contemplation Basic The Hereafter

Every Soul Is Pledged for What It Has Earned — Individual Accountability

Verse: "Every soul is pledged for what it has earned." (74:38) "Pledged" (raheena): In Arabic: something held in pawn — every soul is …

Contemplation Basic Ethics & Manners

Lord Enter Me Truthfully and Exit Me Truthfully — Prayer for Truthfulness in Every Entry

Verse: "Say: My Lord, let me enter with truthful entry and exit with truthful exit." (17:80) — Truthfulness in entry and exit: not only tr…

Contemplation Basic Social Conduct

Say My Lord Let Me Enter With Truthful Entry and Exit With Truthful Exit — The Comprehensive Truthfulness Supplication

Verse: "Say: My Lord let me enter with truthful entry and exit with truthful exit and grant me from Yourself a supporting authority." (17:…

Reasons for Revelation Intermediate Madani Events

"Do Not Think Those Who Rejoice in What They Have Done" — False Praise and Bearing False Witness

Verse: "Do not think those who rejoice in what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done." (3:188) Occasion (Agr…

Quranic Readings Intermediate The Ten Readers

Nafi' Al-Madani and His Two Narrators: Qalon and Warsh

Nafi' ibn Abd Al-Rahman (d. 169H) — Imam of Medina: Learned from seventy Followers (Tabi'in). Known for exceptional piety — his face said…

Quranic Readings Basic The Ten Readers

Ibn Amir Al-Shami and Asim Al-Kufi

Abdullah ibn Amir Al-Shami (d. 118H) — Imam of Syria: Learned from Al-Mughira ibn Abi Shihab from Uthman ibn Affan — some say he took dir…

Quranic Readings Advanced Differences

Madd Al-Badal in Warsh — The Unique Mode

Definition: Madd al-badal: a moved hamza followed by a madd letter — like "aamanu" (originally "a-amanu"; second hamza converted to madd).…

Quranic Readings Intermediate The Ten Readers

Nafi' Al-Madani — Biography, School, and Principal Narrators

Biography: Nafi' ibn Abd Al-Rahman ibn Abi Nu'aym Al-Laythi (d. 169H) — undisputed Imam of readers in Medina. Originally from Isfahan. He…

Quranic Readings Advanced The Ten Readers

Warsh's Narration from Nafi' — Core Characteristics

Biography: Uthman ibn Sa'id Al-Masri (d. 197H) — nicknamed "Warsh" by Nafi' for his extreme fair complexion. Traveled from Egypt to Medin…

Quranic Readings Intermediate The Ten Readers

Qalon's Narration from Nafi' — Characteristics and Spread

Biography: Isa ibn Mina Al-Madani (d. 220H) — nicknamed "Qalon" (Greek/Byzantine for "good/excellent") by Nafi' as a compliment. A gifted…

Quranic Readings Advanced The Ten Readers

Abu Ja'far Al-Madani — Features and His Two Narrators Ibn Wardan and Ibn Jammaz

Abu Ja'far Yazid ibn Al-Qa'qa' Al-Madani (d. 130H): Among Medina's earliest readers — learned from Abdullah ibn Ayyash, Abu Hurayra, and …

Quranic Readings Advanced Differences

Al-Madd Al-Munfasil — Readers' Differences from 2 to 6 Harakaat

Definition: Al-madd al-munfasil: a madd where the madd letter is in one word and the hamza follows in a separate word — like "ya ayyuha",…

Quranic Readings Intermediate Madd

Connected Madd Among Readers — Hamza Extends 6, Hafs Extends 4-5

Definition of connected madd: When a hamza follows a madd letter within the same word — examples: "ja'a", "sa'a", "sha'a", "al-sama'i", "…

Quranic Readings Advanced Surah Openings

Opening Letters in the Readings — How "Alm", "Alr", and "Hm" Differ

Opening letters (fawatih) in the readings: The readings differ in several aspects of the fawatih performance: 1. Imala in "Alr" and "H…

Quranic Readings Advanced Hamzah Rules

The Extended Madd of Hamza Al-Zayyat — Its Measure and Method

Hamza ibn Habib Al-Zayyat (d. 156 AH): Imam of Kufa in recitation — renowned for extended madd, sakta, and tashil of hamzas. Among the mo…

Quranic Readings Intermediate Narrators

The Narrations of Al-Duri and Al-Susi from Abu Amr — Their Differences

Abu Amr ibn Al-Ala (d. 154 AH): Imam of Basra — the most widely narrated and moderate reader. Two main narrators: 1. Narration of Al-D…

Quranic Readings Intermediate Common Errors

Resemblances Between Readers — Words That Confuse Tajweed Students

Most problematic areas for students: 1. "Al-Nash'a / Al-Nasha'a" (Al-Ankabut 20): Nafi, Ibn Kathir, and Abu Amr: "nasha'a" with madd …

Advanced Search