Tajweed Rules
55 cards (filtered)
Tajweed rules govern how each Quranic letter is pronounced, its characteristics, and its point of articulation, ensuring the Quran is recited as it was revealed. This section's cards cover Nun Sakinah and Tanween rulings, elongation (madd), qalqalah, articulation points, and more — based on the Hafs 'an 'Asim narration, each rule illustrated with a real Quranic example.
Level:
All
Basic
Intermediate
Advanced
Sub:
All
Noon Saakinah Rules
Meem Saakinah Rules
Madd
Characteristics
Qalqalah
Waqf & Ibtida
Articulation Points
Raa Rules
Assimilation
Ghunnah
General
Special Topics
Idgham
Meem Saakinah Rules
Tafkheem & Tarqeeq
Raa Rules
Laam Rules
Hamzah Rules
Recitation Modes
Similar Verses
Letter Attributes
Ghunnah
Articulation Points
Tafkheem & Tarqeeq
Advanced
Basic
Intermediate
Letter Attributes
Tarteel
Introduction
Laam Rules
Metonymy
Hafs Exceptions
Types of Idgham
Raa Rules
Uthmani Script
Ikhfa Haqiqi — Definition & Fifteen Letters
Ikhfa literally means to hide/conceal.
Technically: pronouncing noon in a state between Izhar and Idgham, with ghunnah remainin…
Includes quiz
Ikhfa Shafawi — Meem before Ba
Ikhfa Shafawi occurs when Meem Sakinah meets Ba (ب) only .
How to perform:
Close lips for Meem without pressing hard
…
Includes quiz
Idgham Shafawi & Izhar Shafawi
Idgham Shafawi (Small Muthaleen):
Occurs when a sukoon Meem meets a moving Meem — the first merges into the second with ghunnah…
Includes quiz
Madd Wajib Muttasil — 4 to 5 Counts
Madd Wajib Muttasil occurs when Hamza comes after a Madd letter in the same word .
Duration: 4 or 5 harakaat (reciter choos…
Includes quiz
Madd Arid lil-Sukoon — At Pausing
Madd Arid lil-Sukoon occurs when pausing on a word ending with a Madd or Leen letter before a letter that was originally moving …
Includes quiz
Letter Characteristics — Introduction
Sifah (characteristic) literally means a quality that exists in something.
Technically: a quality a letter has when produced fr…
Includes quiz
Jahr & Hams — Difference and Letters
Jahr: Airflow stops when pronouncing the letter due to strong pressure at makhraj.
Voiced letters (18): memorized from "ʿaẓum…
Includes quiz
Waqf & Ibtida — Definition & Importance
Waqf literally means stopping/detaining.
Technically: cutting the voice at the end of a word for a breath, with the intention t…
Includes quiz
Al-Lisan — Ten Makhaarij, Eighteen Letters
The tongue is the richest source — 10 makhaarij and 18 letters .
Back of tongue: ق ك | Middle: ج ش ي | Edge: ض ل | Near tip: ن ر…
Includes quiz
Shiddah, Rakhawah & Tawassut
Shiddah: Sound stops suddenly — 8 letters (أجد قطّ بكت)
Rakhawah: Sound flows freely
Tawassut (middle): Neither full stop …
Includes quiz
Isti'la & Istifal — Permanent Tafkhim
Isti'la: Tongue rises toward upper palate — 7 letters: خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ (memorized as "Khasas Daght Qath")
These are always heavy …
Includes quiz
Itbaq & Infitah — Strongest Tafkhim
Itbaq: Tongue presses against upper palate — produces maximum heaviness.
4 letters: ص ض ط ظ — these combine both Isti'la and …
Includes quiz
Ra — Introduction: Heavy or Light?
Ra (ر) is one of the most nuanced letters in tajweed — it alternates between Tafkhim (heavy) and Tarqeeq (light) based on contex…
Includes quiz
Al-Muthaalan — Merging Same Letters
Muthaalan: Two identical letters (same makhraj and sifaat), first sakinah, second moving.
Types:
• Sagheer (small): first s…
Includes quiz
Ghunnah — Definition & Five Levels
Ghunnah: A melodic nasal resonance from the nasal passage (Khayshoom), lasting 2 counts at full strength.
5 levels (strongest…
Includes quiz
Isti'adhah & Basmalah — Their Rulings
Isti'adhah: "A'udhu billahi minash-shaytan ir-rajeem" — recommended (Sunnah Mu'akkadah) before reading.
Basmalah: Obligatory …
Includes quiz
Complete Stop (Waqf Taam) — Signs and Types
Definition:
Complete Stop (Waqf Taam): pausing where the meaning is complete with no grammatical or semantic connection to what…
Includes quiz
Sufficient Stop (Waqf Kaafi) — Sign "ج" and its Ruling
Definition:
Sufficient Stop (Waqf Kaafi): pausing where the meaning is grammatically complete but has a semantic connection to …
Includes quiz
Good Stop and Ugly Stop — Ruling on Stopping Before Meaning Completes
Definition:
Good Stop (Hasan): Pausing where the meaning is conveyed, even if grammatically connected to what follows — resta…
Includes quiz
Voluntary vs. Forced Restart — Difference and Ruling
Definition:
Voluntary Restart (Ikhtiyari): Starting recitation from a chosen position — either at the beginning, or after a T…
Includes quiz
Emphasis of the Elevated Letters (Huroof Al-Isti'la) — Degrees of Tafkhim
Definition:
Letters of elevation (Huroof Al-Isti'la): seven letters pronounced with heaviness because the tongue rises toward t…
Includes quiz
Thinning of the Letter Ra (Tarqeeq) — Six Positions and Their Conditions
Definition:
Tarqeeq of Ra: pronouncing Ra without raising the tongue — no heaviness or emphasis is heard. Ra can be thin, heavy…
Includes quiz
Emphasis of the Letter Ra (Tafkhim) — Positions and Rules
Definition:
Tafkhim of Ra: pronouncing Ra with heaviness, tongue raised toward the upper palate. The default for Ra is Tafkhim …
Includes quiz
The Hamza and Its Types — Hamzat Al-Qat'a and Hamzat Al-Wasl
Definition:
Hamzat Al-Qat'a (Cutting Hamza): A Hamza always pronounced — whether starting speech or continuing. Written with …
Includes quiz
Ruling on Stopping at Verse Endings — Is it Sunnah? What is the Evidence?
Definition:
Stopping at verse endings: pausing at the end of each verse (ayah marker) even when the meaning flows into the next…
Includes quiz
Tarteel, Hadr, and Tadweer — Meanings and Rulings
Definition:
Quranic recitation has three recognized modes, all permissible as long as they do not violate the rights of each le…
Includes quiz
Obligatory Heavy Word Extension (Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimi Al-Muthaqal) — Definition and Examples
Definition:
Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimi Al-Muthaqal is when a madd or leen letter is followed by a doubled (shaddah) letter wit…
Includes quiz
Madd Al-Leen — Sukoon Waaw and Yaa Followed by Hamza
Definition:
Madd Al-Leen is the extension of the two leen letters (sukoon waaw and sukoon yaa, each preceded by a fatha) when f…
Includes quiz
Incidental Sukoon Extension (Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lil-Sukoon) — Definition and Options
Definition:
Al-Madd Al-Aarid Lil-Sukoon is when a madd letter is followed by a letter that is originally voweled but becomes si…
Includes quiz
Inherent Letter Attributes — Jahr, Hams, Shidda, and Rakhawa
Definition of Inherent Attributes:
These are the intrinsic, permanent qualities of each letter that remain constant in all cond…
Includes quiz
The Attribute of Ghunna (Nasalization) — Degrees, Letters, and Duration
Definition:
Ghunna is a resonant nasal sound that emerges from the nasal passage (khayshoom), with no involvement of the tongue…
Includes quiz
Heaviness and Lightness in the Elevated (Isti'la) Letters
Definition:
The seven elevated (Isti'la) letters (خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ) are always pronounced with heaviness (tafkheem) in every condi…
Includes quiz
Stopping on Pronoun Haa — When is it Connected and When Saakin?
Definition of Pronoun Haa:
The pronoun haa refers to the third-person masculine singular (he) in words like "minhu," "bihi," an…
Includes quiz
Optional Stopping — "Reassurance Stop" and "Stronger Start"
Types of Stopping (Brief):
Stopping divides into: Taam (preferred), Kaafi (permissible), Hasan (permissible with care), and Qab…
Includes quiz
Homorganic and Near Letters — Difference in Idghaam with Quranic Examples
Homorganic Letters (Mutajaanisaan):
Two letters sharing the same articulation point but differing in attributes. Example: daal,…
Includes quiz
Stopping on Final Noon — Noon Drop in "Nastaeen" and "Narham"
The Issue:
Neither "nastaeen" nor "narham" has a final noon that drops — the verb ends with dhamma or another letter. This card…
Includes quiz
Bismillah Between Surahs — Connection, Separation, and Full Stop
Subject:
After finishing a surah and starting another (other than Al-Tawbah) — how does the reader handle "Bismillah Al-Rahman …
Includes quiz
Divisions of Idhhar — Throat, Labial, and Absolute
Definition of Idhhar:
Idhhar: pronouncing the letter clearly from its articulation point without merging, hiding, or conversion…
Includes quiz
Sifat Al-Hams — The Ten Letters of Whispering
Definition of Hams:
Linguistically: a hidden sound. Technically: the flow of breath when pronouncing the letter due to weakness…
Includes quiz
Sifat Al-Jahr — The Letters of Voiced Sound
Definition of Jahr:
Linguistically: appearance and declaration. Technically: the holding back of breath flow when pronouncing t…
Includes quiz
Tafkheem Specific to Alif — When Is Alif Made Heavy?
Key principle:
Alif is a dependent letter — it has no inherent tafkheem or tarqeeq of its own. Its heaviness or lightness follo…
Includes quiz
Idgham Al-Mutamathhilayn — Merging Identical Letters
Definition of Al-Mutamathhilayn:
Two identical letters: sharing the same articulation point and attributes — i.e., the same let…
Includes quiz
Sifat Al-Takrir and the Letter Ra — Should It Be Repeated?
Definition of Takrir:
Takrir: the trembling of the tip of the tongue when pronouncing the letter ra — the possibility of the vi…
Includes quiz
Idgham Condition (Two Words) & Absolute Izhar — The Four Cases
Rule: Idgham (with or without ghunnah) only occurs when the noon sakinah is at the end of one word and the merging letter starts…
Includes quiz
Ikhfa Haqiqi — Three Ranks and Examples for All Fifteen Letters
Ikhfa Haqiqi: Pronouncing noon/tanween in a state between Izhar and Idgham, without shaddah, retaining ghunnah for 2 counts.
…
Includes quiz
Meem Sakinah Comprehensive — All Three Rulings with Examples & Waw/Fa Warning
Meem Sakinah has three rulings:
(1) Ikhfa Shafawi (before Ba): hide meem with ghunnah. Examples: وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ، ت…
Includes quiz
Sillat Meem Al-Jam' — Hafs' Two Modes
Meem Al-Jam' (Plural Meem): The sukoon meem ending nouns/verbs referring to masculine plural — هُمْ، أَنْتُمْ، عَلَيْهِمْ.
In…
Includes quiz
Ha' Al-Kinayah (Pronoun Ha) — Rule and Exceptions
Ha' Al-Kinayah (Pronoun Ha): The extra Ha at word ending referring to singular masculine third person: إِنَّهُ، بِهِ، لَهُ.
R…
Includes quiz
Madd Al-Badal & Madd Al-Iwad — Definition and Complete Examples
(1) Madd Al-Badal (Substitute Madd):
Hamza precedes a Madd letter in one word. Originally two hamzas — second silenced and repl…
Includes quiz
Madd Al-Sillah Sughra & Kubra — Pronoun Ha' with Madd
Madd Al-Sillah: Extension of the pronoun Ha (هـ) when between two moving letters.
Rule:
Dammah Ha → extends to small waw (ۥ…
Includes quiz
Madd Al-Tamkeen & Madd Al-Leen — Definition and Examples
(1) Madd Al-Tamkeen: Clarifying a doubled or adjacent Madd-letter so it isn't shortened in speech.
Forms:
- Doubled kasrah ya …
Includes quiz
Madd Al-Munfasil — Rules and Comprehensive Examples
Madd Al-Munfasil (Separated): Madd letter at end of one word, hamza at beginning of next word.
Why "separated": The Madd lett…
Includes quiz
Madd Lazim Kalimi — Muthaqqal & Mukhaffaf
Madd Lazim Kalimi: Madd letter meets original sukoon in one word.
"Lazim" because sukoon is constant (in wasl and waqf). "Kalim…
Includes quiz
Madd Lazim Harfi & Madd Al-Farq
Madd Lazim Harfi: The Madd in disconnected letters at surah openings.
"Harfi" because it occurs in a letter (not a word).
Dur…
Includes quiz
Characteristics without Opposites — The Seven with Letters and Examples
Seven Characteristics without Opposites:
(1) Safir (Whistling): A whistling sound. Letters: ص ز س. Examples: الصَّمَدُ، زُلْ…
Includes quiz