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Definition of Ibdal: Ibdal: converting a sukoon hamza into a long vowel matching the movement of the letter before it. If preceded by fat…

Homorganic Letters (Mutajaanisaan): Two letters sharing the same articulation point but differing in attributes. Example: daal, taa, and …

Verse: "Allah — there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer..." (2:255) Virtue: The Prophet ﷺ said: "The greatest ver…

Verse: "When My servants ask you about Me — I am near. I respond to the call of the caller when he calls Me." (2:186) Reflection: Not…

Verse: "Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity." (2:286) Context: The last two verses of Al-Baqarah — the Prophet ﷺ said: "W…

Verse: "And give good tidings to the patient — those who, when afflicted with a calamity, say: 'Indeed to Allah we belong and to Him we sh…

Verse context: "Establish prayer — indeed prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing. And the remembrance of Allah is greater." (29:45) wit…

Verse: "And He taught Adam the names — all of them — then displayed them to the angels." (2:31) Reflection: The angels are more knowle…

Verse: "Adam received from his Lord words and He turned to him — indeed, He is the Accepting of Repentance, the Merciful." (2:37) "Rece…

Verse: "And humiliation and poverty were struck upon them and they returned with anger from Allah." (2:61) The explicit cause: "Becaus…

Verse: "To Allah belongs the east and west — wherever you turn, there is the face of Allah." (2:115) Context: Response to People of th…

Verse: "O you who believe, seek help through patience and prayer — indeed Allah is with the patient." (2:153) "Seek help": The verse f…

Verse: "The example of those who spend their wealth seeking Allah's pleasure — like a garden on high ground." (2:265) Two contrasting i…

Verse: "And give glad tidings to the patient — who when calamity strikes them say: Indeed to Allah we belong and to Him we return." (2:155…

Verse: "Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire." (2:201) Combin…

Verse: "When My servants ask about Me — I am near." (2:186) — Notice: not "say I am near" but Allah speaks directly: "I am near" — no inte…

Verse: "Do not say of those killed in Allah's cause: They are dead. Rather they are alive, but you do not perceive." (2:154) — A prohibiti…

Verse: "We shall certainly test you with something of fear, hunger, loss of wealth, lives, and fruits — and give good tidings to the patie…

Verse: "O you who believe — seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed Allah is with the patient." (2:153) — "Seek help" — requesting a…

Verse: "He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever is given wisdom has been given abundant good." (2:269) — "Wisdom" = placing everythi…

Occasion of Revelation (Sahih — Abu Dawud & Nasai): Ibn Abbas narrated: An Ansari woman who lost children would vow to raise the next chi…

Occasion of Revelation (Hasan — Ahmad & Tirmidhi): When the Prophet ﷺ arrived in Medina, he found people drinking wine and gambling. His …

Occasion of Revelation (Sahih — Agreed Upon): The Prophet ﷺ prayed toward Jerusalem after arriving in Medina, but longed for the Kaabah —…

Verse: "O you who believe, seek help through patience and prayer — indeed Allah is with the patient." (2:153) Occasion: Revealed after…

Verse: "And righteousness is not that you come to houses from their backs, but righteousness is who fears Allah." (2:189) Occasion (Sah…

Verse: "They ask you about new moons — say: they are time measurements for people and Hajj." (2:189) Occasion (Hasan): Mu'adh ibn Jaba…

Verse: "If you reveal charity, how good it is; and if you conceal it and give it to the poor — that is better for you." (2:271) Occasio…

Verse: "And men have a degree above them." (2:228) Occasion (Hasan): A woman reported to the Prophet ﷺ that her husband struck her lea…

Verse: "Whoever is pardoned by his brother — let there be a reasonable follow-through and payment to him with good conduct." (2:178) Co…

Verse: "Wherever you turn, there is the face of Allah." (2:115) Occasion (Sahih): Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar: the Prophet ﷺ used to …

Verse: "Those who believed and those who were Jews and Christians and Sabians — whoever believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteo…

Verse: "Those of you who die leaving wives behind — they shall wait four months and ten days." (2:234) Occasion (Hasan): Abu Dawud narr…

Verse: "They ask you about the new moons — say: they are timing indicators for people and the Hajj." (2:189) Occasion (Hasan): Ibn Abi …

Verse: "They ask you about wine and gambling — say: in them is great sin and benefits for people." (2:219) Occasion (Sahih): Narrated …

Verse: "To Allah belongs the East and West — wherever you turn there is the face of Allah." (2:115) Occasion (Sahih): Muslim narrated …

Verse: "Thus We have made you a middle nation, that you may be witnesses over mankind and that the Messenger may be a witness over you." (…

Verse: "And when My servants ask you about Me — I am near. I respond to the supplication of the supplicant when he calls upon Me." (2:186)…

Verse: "And among people is one who sells himself seeking Allah's approval, and Allah is Kind to His servants." (2:207) Occasion: Al-H…

Verse: "And fight them until there is no more fitnah (oppression) and the religion belongs to Allah." (2:193) Context: Revealed in the…

Verse: "And do not marry polytheist women until they believe. A believing slave woman is better than a polytheist woman even if she please…

Verse: "Have you not considered the one who argued with Ibrahim about his Lord?" (2:258) King Nimrod: He claimed lordship: "I give lif…

Verse: "When Ibrahim said: 'My Lord, show me how You give life to the dead.' He said: 'Do you not believe?' He said: 'Yes! But so my heart…

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah, verses 67-74 Context: Allah commanded slaughtering a cow to reveal a murderer. The command was simple: sl…

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah, verses 127-129 Context: Ibrahim and Ismail raise the foundations of the House, each working with his hand…

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah, verses 246-251 Context: The Israelites requested a king to fight under his command after weakness and dis…

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah 258 Context: Ibrahim entered upon Nimrod and debated him about the Lord. Nimrod claimed lordship: "I give …

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah 246-252 Full context: The Israelites asked their prophet (Samuel) for a king to fight with them. Allah cho…

Quranic context: Al-Baqarah 259 The scene: A man passes by a ruined town — collapsed upon its roofs — and asks in genuine wonder, not …

Verse: "Have you not seen those who came out of their homes in thousands, fleeing death? Allah said to them: Die! Then He revived them." (…

Definition: Creation's incapacity to match the Quran despite the explicit challenge: "Bring a surah like it." (2:23) Dimensions: (1) L…

What are they? 29 surahs begin with isolated letters: Alif-Lam-Mim, Kaf-Ha-Ya-Ain-Sad, etc. Scholarly views: (1) Mutashabih — knowledg…

The term "Al-Ummahat" (the mothers): Some scholars called Al-Baqarah and Al Imran "Al-Zahrawain" (the two luminous ones) or "the two mothe…

Names of Dua in the Quran: Dua carries multiple names in the Quran expressing its meanings: "nida" (calling — Yunus 10:10), "sual" (asking…

Numbers: literal vs. figurative: Numbers in the Quran serve two functions — literal (an actual count) and figurative (an indefinite large …

Prepositions and the secret of selection: Scholars of balaghah pay close attention to why one preposition was chosen over another — each c…

Definition: Al-Idah bada al-ibham (clarification after vagueness / general then specific): mentioning a vague or general term first, then …

Verse: "O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you." (2:183) Conditions for fasting obl…

Verse: "O you who believe, fear Allah and give up remaining riba... if you do not, then take notice of war from Allah and His Messenger." …

Verse: "Divorce is twice — then either retain in kindness or release with goodness." (2:229) Types: Revocable (first and second — husb…

Verse: "We prescribed for them: a life for a life, an eye for an eye..." (5:45) Qisas for killing: Killing the intentional murderer — …

Verse: "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, and do not transgress. Allah does not love aggressors." (2:190) Defensive jihad:…

Verse: "When you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down." (2:282) Longest verse in the Quran (2:282): Details a complete …

Verse: "Prescribed for you, when death approaches any of you and he leaves good — is a bequest for parents and relatives in kindness." (2:…

Verse: "And do not have relations with them while you are residing in the mosques for worship." (2:187) Definition: I'tikaf: remaining…

Verse: "Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury." (2:275) "Permitted trade": General permissibility of commerce — encompassing e…

Verse: "Upon the father is the mother's provision and clothing in a reasonable manner." (2:233) Wife's maintenance: Obligatory on the …

Verse: "And complete the Hajj and Umra for Allah." (2:196) Ruling: Obligatory once in a lifetime (Shafi'i and Ahmad) or confirmed Sunn…

Verse: "Whoever witnesses among you the month — let him fast it." (2:185) "Witnesses": Meaning encountering and being present during i…

Verse: "Do not consume each other's wealth wrongfully, nor send it to judges as bribes." (2:188) "Wrongfully" (bil-batil): Any earning…

Verse: "Divorced women shall wait by themselves for three periods (quru')." (2:228) — "Quru'" disputed: most say three complete menstrual …

Verse: "When you divorce women and they reach the end of their term — retain them properly or release them properly." (2:231) — Two option…

Verse: "Mothers shall nurse their children for two complete years — for those who wish to complete the nursing." (2:233) — Nursing is the …

Verse: "Guard all prayers and the middle prayer, and stand devoutly before Allah." (2:238) — "Middle prayer" most likely Asr per Bukhari &…

Verse: "And do not cast yourselves into destruction." (2:195) — Foundation of prohibiting self-harm. Includes: stopping spending in Allah'…

Verse: "For those who can barely manage it — fidya of feeding a poor person." (2:184) — Fidya: feeding one poor person per day for the per…

Verse: "Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury." (2:275) — Response to polytheists who said "trade is like usury." Allah's reply: t…

Verse: "For those who swear not to approach their wives — a waiting period of four months. If they return, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. A…

Verse: "O believers, fear Allah and give up what remains of usury if you are believers. If you do not, then be warned of war from Allah an…

Verse: "Prescribed upon you when death approaches — if you leave wealth — is a bequest for parents and close relatives with fairness; a du…

Verse: "But righteousness is — believing in Allah, the Last Day, angels, the Book, and the prophets — and giving wealth despite loving it …

Verse: "When you divorce women and they complete their waiting period — do not prevent them from marrying their husbands when they have ag…

Verse: "Mothers shall breastfeed their children for two complete years — for those who wish to complete the nursing." (2:233) Full nurs…

Verse: "And for divorced women is a provision with kindness — a duty upon the righteous." (2:241) Mut'a: A gift to the divorced woman …

Verse: "O believers, when you contract a debt for a specified term — write it down. Let a scribe write between you with justice." (2:282) …

Key verses: "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you and do not transgress." (2:190); "Prepare against them what you can." (8:60) …

Key verse: "And when Abraham was tried by his Lord with words and he fulfilled them, He said: I will make you a leader for the people." (2…

Verse: "Maintain with care the obligatory prayers and especially the middle prayer and stand before Allah in devout obedience." (2:238) …

Verse: "Upon the father is the mothers' provision and their clothing in a fair manner." (2:233) Types of obligatory financial support: …

Verse: "Divorce is twice — then either retain in kindness or release with excellence." (2:229) Meaning: The lawful divorce permitting …

Verse: "And they ask you about menstruation. Say: it is harm, so keep away from women during menstruation and do not approach them until t…

Verse: "Whoever witnesses the month, let him fast it. But whoever is ill or on a journey — a number of other days." (2:185) Ruling: Th…

Verse: "It is not permissible for you to take back what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep the limits…

Verse: "Complete the Hajj and Umrah for Allah." (2:196) The disputed question: Is Umrah obligatory like Hajj — or merely a strongly re…

First stage — deterrence (Al-Baqarah 2:219): "They ask you about wine and gambling. Say: In both there is great sin and some benefit for p…

The verse: "Maintain your prayers and the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devotion (qanitin)." (Al-Baqarah 2:238) Meaning of "…

The verse: "And if you are in a state of janabah (major impurity), then purify yourselves." (Al-Maidah 5:6) Occasions requiring ghusl (…

The two verses: "Complete the Hajj and Umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then whatever sacrificial animal is available." (2:196) …

The two verses: "Whatever you spend or vow — Allah knows it." (Al-Baqarah 2:270) "They fulfill their vows and fear a day whose evil is wid…

Definition: Using a word in other than its literal meaning based on a non-similarity relation — part-whole, cause-effect, etc. Types wi…

Khabar (declarative): Speech admitting truth/falsehood — describes a reality. Insha' (performative): Speech not admitting truth/falseho…