Fiqh Rulings

Verse: "Indeed prayer has been decreed upon believers at specified times." (4:103) Ruling: Prayer is an individual obligation on e…

Verse: "When you travel the earth, there is no blame on you in shortening prayer if you fear the disbelievers will trouble you." (…

Verse: "Establish prayer, give zakat, and bow with those who bow." (2:43) Eight zakat recipients (9:60): The poor, the needy, thos…

Verse: "O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you." (2:183) Conditions for fastin…

Verse: "And upon Allah is the right of people to make pilgrimage to the House — for whoever is able to find a way to it." (3:97) C…

Verse: "When you rise to prayer, wash your faces and arms to the elbows..." (5:6) Four obligatory acts of wudu: Washing the face, …

Verse: "O you who believe, fear Allah and give up remaining riba... if you do not, then take notice of war from Allah and His Mess…

Verse: "Prohibited to you are carrion, blood, swine flesh, and what is dedicated to other than Allah." (5:3) Four original prohibi…

Verse: "And give the women their dower as a free gift." (4:4) Marriage pillars: Offer and acceptance (formula), guardian (majority…

Verse: "Divorce is twice — then either retain in kindness or release with goodness." (2:229) Types: Revocable (first and second — …

Verse: "For men a share of what parents and relatives leave, and for women a share of what parents and relatives leave." (4:7) Six…

Verse: "Your Lord decreed that you worship none but Him and that you be good to your parents." (17:23) "Qadhaa" (decreed) not just…

Hadd of adultery: "Flog each one of them with a hundred lashes" (24:2) — hundred lashes for the unmarried; majority position: ston…

Verse: "As for the thief, male and female — cut off their hands as recompense for what they earned, a deterrent from Allah." (5:38…

Verse: "We prescribed for them: a life for a life, an eye for an eye..." (5:45) Qisas for killing: Killing the intentional murdere…

Verse: "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, and do not transgress. Allah does not love aggressors." (2:190) Defensive j…

Verse: "When you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down." (2:282) Longest verse in the Quran (2:282): Details a compl…

Verse: "Prescribed for you, when death approaches any of you and he leaves good — is a bequest for parents and relatives in kindne…

Verse: "Be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives."…

Verse: "Do not backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat his dead brother's flesh? You would hate it." (49:12) Definition…

Verse: "The believers are but brothers." (49:10) Six rights of brotherhood in hadith: "When you meet, greet him; when he invites y…

Verse: "Let there be among you a community calling to good, enjoining right and forbidding wrong." (3:104) "Let there be" (waltaku…

Final verse: "O you who believe, intoxicants, gambling, stone altars, and divining arrows are abominations of Satan's handiwork — …

Verse: "Do not enter houses other than your own until you have sought permission and greeted their inhabitants." (24:27) "Seek per…

Verse: "O you who believe, fulfill your contracts." (5:1) "Al-uqud" (contracts) includes: Commercial contracts, covenants with All…

Legitimacy: "He has succeeded who purifies himself and remembers the name of his Lord and prays." (87:14-15) — said to refer to Za…

Verse: "And do not have relations with them while you are residing in the mosques for worship." (2:187) Definition: I'tikaf: remai…

Verse: "And the food of those given the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them." (5:5) "Food" meaning: The …

Verse: "And your mothers who nursed you, and your sisters from breastfeeding." (4:23) The forbidden by breastfeeding: "What is for…

Verse: "Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury." (2:275) "Permitted trade": General permissibility of commerce — encompassi…

Verse: "Upon the father is the mother's provision and clothing in a reasonable manner." (2:233) Wife's maintenance: Obligatory on …

Verse: "And complete the Hajj and Umra for Allah." (2:196) Ruling: Obligatory once in a lifetime (Shafi'i and Ahmad) or confirmed …

Verse: "You will never attain righteousness until you spend from what you love." (3:92) Sadaqa Jariya: Charity whose benefit conti…

Verse: "O you who believe, when the call is made for prayer on Friday — hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade." (62:9…

Verse: "And when you call to prayer, they take it in mockery and amusement." (5:58) Ruling: Communal obligation — if one person ca…

Verse: "And give its due on the day of its harvest." (6:141) Ruling: Zakat on crops and fruits is obligatory without requiring the…

Verse: "Whoever witnesses among you the month — let him fast it." (2:185) "Witnesses": Meaning encountering and being present duri…

Verse: "If you fear injustice with orphans, then marry what pleases you of women — two, three, or four." (4:3) True context: Came …

Verse: "And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male and female slaves." (24:32) Command to marry off the u…

Verse: "Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, swine flesh... the strangled, the beaten, the fallen, the gored." (5:3) The ten prohi…

Verse: "And do not approach adultery — indeed it was an indecency and an evil way." (17:32) "Do not approach" not "do not do": Pro…

Verse: "Do not consume each other's wealth wrongfully, nor send it to judges as bribes." (2:188) "Wrongfully" (bil-batil): Any ear…

Verse: "After any bequest you make or debt." (4:12) Fiqh order of the estate: Funeral and burial expenses → debts → bequest (withi…

Verse: "And married women — except those your right hands possess." (4:24) "Muhsanat" (married women): Marrying a woman with a liv…

Verse: "And your Lord decreed that you worship none but Him and that you be good to parents. If one or both of them reach old age …

Verse: "Indeed Allah commands you to render trusts to their rightful owners." (4:58) "Trusts" (amanat): More comprehensive than de…

Verse: "Indeed, prayer has been a decreed obligation, at fixed times, upon the believers." (4:103) "Timed obligation": Prescribed …

Verse: "And for you is half of what your wives leave — if they have no child." (4:12) Husband's inheritance: Half if the wife has …

Verse: "O you who believe, fear Allah and be with the truthful." (9:119) "Be with the truthful": A command for righteous companion…

Verse: "Whoever kills a believer intentionally — his recompense is Hell, remaining in it, and Allah has worsened his anger upon hi…

Verse: "Establish prayer, give zakat, and obey the Messenger — that you may be shown mercy." (24:56) — Prayer and zakat paired 28 …

Verse: "Divorced women shall wait by themselves for three periods (quru')." (2:228) — "Quru'" disputed: most say three complete me…

Verse: "When you divorce women and they reach the end of their term — retain them properly or release them properly." (2:231) — Tw…

Verse: "Mothers shall nurse their children for two complete years — for those who wish to complete the nursing." (2:233) — Nursing…

Verse: "And live with them properly. If you dislike them — perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah places much good in it." (4:19) —…

Verse: "O believers, do not forbid the good things Allah has made lawful for you — and do not transgress." (5:87) — Forbidding wha…

Verse: "And those in whose wealth is a known right for the asking and the deprived." (70:24-25) — "Known right" — not favor but de…

Verse: "O believers, fulfill your contracts." (5:1) — Most comprehensive command in transactions. "Contracts" includes sales, leas…

Verse: "When you judge between people, judge with justice." (4:58) — A command for judges, rulers, fathers, and teachers — anyone …

Verse: "Guard all prayers and the middle prayer, and stand devoutly before Allah." (2:238) — "Middle prayer" most likely Asr per B…

Verse: "And do not cast yourselves into destruction." (2:195) — Foundation of prohibiting self-harm. Includes: stopping spending i…

Verse: "Indeed prayer prevents indecency and wrongdoing." (29:45) — Proper prayer doesn't exist in a vacuum — it changes its perfo…

Verse: "O believers, when you converse privately do not converse in sin, aggression, or disobedience to the Messenger." (58:9) — P…

Verse: "And do not spy and do not backbite one another." (49:12) — Spying: investigating people's faults and secrets without permi…

Verse: "O believers, obey Allah, obey the Messenger, and those in authority among you." (4:59) — Three-level hierarchy: Allah firs…

Verse: "Glorify your Lord when you rise — and some of the night glorify Him — and at the setting of the stars." (52:48-49) — Glori…

Verse: "For those who can barely manage it — fidya of feeding a poor person." (2:184) — Fidya: feeding one poor person per day for…

Verse: "Whoever kills a believer by mistake — free a believing slave and blood money delivered to his family." (4:92) — Accidental…

Verse: "When you travel there is no blame on you in shortening prayer — if you fear the disbelievers will trouble you." (4:101) — …

Verse: "Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury." (2:275) — Response to polytheists who said "trade is like usury." Allah's …

Verse: "Allah does not hold you accountable for the unintentional in your oaths, but for what you have bound intentionally — its e…

Verse: "Those who make zihar from among you of their wives — they are not their mothers. Their mothers are only those who gave bir…

Verse: "For those who swear not to approach their wives — a waiting period of four months. If they return, Allah is Forgiving, Mer…

Verse: "When you are among them and lead them in prayer — let a group stand with you bearing their weapons. When they have prostra…

Verse: "O believers, do not enter houses other than your own until you have sought permission and greeted their inhabitants. That …

Verse: "O believers, fear Allah and give up what remains of usury if you are believers. If you do not, then be warned of war from …

Verse: "Prescribed upon you when death approaches — if you leave wealth — is a bequest for parents and close relatives with fairne…

Verse: "Those who accuse their wives without having witnesses except themselves — the testimony of one of them is four testimonies…

Verse: "Do not spy, and do not backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? You would loathe …

Verse: "The penalty of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive to spread corruption is: execution, or crucif…

Verse: "But righteousness is — believing in Allah, the Last Day, angels, the Book, and the prophets — and giving wealth despite lo…

Verse: "When you divorce women and they complete their waiting period — do not prevent them from marrying their husbands when they…

Verse: "Mothers shall breastfeed their children for two complete years — for those who wish to complete the nursing." (2:233) Full…

Verse: "And for divorced women is a provision with kindness — a duty upon the righteous." (2:241) Mut'a: A gift to the divorced wo…

Verse: "O believers, when you contract a debt for a specified term — write it down. Let a scribe write between you with justice." …

Verse: "And consult them in the matter." (3:159) Definition: Shura is the participation of qualified experts in decision-making — …

Verse: "O believers, obey Allah, obey the Messenger, and those in authority among you." (4:59) Who are "those in authority"? Some …

Key verses: "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you and do not transgress." (2:190); "Prepare against them what you can." (…

Verse: "Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neigh…

Verses: "Give the orphans their wealth, and do not exchange the bad for the good." (4:2); "Those who devour the wealth of orphans …

Key verse: "You will never attain righteousness until you donate what you love." (3:92) Reason for evidencing endowments: When thi…

Verse: "O believers, do not enter houses other than your own until you have asked permission and greeted their inhabitants." (24:2…

Key verse: "And when Abraham was tried by his Lord with words and he fulfilled them, He said: I will make you a leader for the peo…

Verses: "Eat from what Allah has provided you, lawful and good." (5:88); "And do not waste — indeed He does not love the wasteful.…

Verse: "And chaste women from those who were given the Scripture before you." (5:5) General ruling: A Muslim man may marry a chast…

Verse: "Let there be among you a community calling to good, commanding what is right, and forbidding what is wrong — those are the…

Verse: "Among people is one who buys idle talk to lead others astray from the way of Allah without knowledge and takes it in ridic…

Two primary verses: "And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not display their adornmen…

Verse: "Maintain with care the obligatory prayers and especially the middle prayer and stand before Allah in devout obedience." (2…

Verse: "Upon the father is the mothers' provision and their clothing in a fair manner." (2:233) Types of obligatory financial supp…

Verse: "O people, We created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another — indeed the m…

Verse: "And give the women their dowries as a gift. But if they give up willingly to you anything of it, then take it in satisfact…

Verse: "Divorce is twice — then either retain in kindness or release with excellence." (2:229) Meaning: The lawful divorce permitt…

Verse: "And they ask you about menstruation. Say: it is harm, so keep away from women during menstruation and do not approach them…

Verse: "Forbidden to you are carrion... but whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin — indeed Allah is Forgiv…

First: Shortening prayer Verse: "And when you travel through the land, there is no blame on you for shortening the prayer." (4:101…

The question: Is zakat obligatory on gold and silver jewelry worn for adornment? First view: Zakat is obligatory (Hanafis, Zahiris…

Verse: "Whoever witnesses the month, let him fast it. But whoever is ill or on a journey — a number of other days." (2:185) Ruling…

Verse: "Or you have touched women." (4:43 and 5:6) Reading variation: "Lamamastum" (with alif of mutual action) read by Nafi, Ibn …

Verse: "O Prophet, when you divorce women, divorce them for their waiting period." (65:1) Meaning of "for their waiting period": A…

Verse: "It is not permissible for you to take back what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep th…

Verse: "Indeed many partners oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds." (38:24) "Al-Khulata" (part…

Verse: "One of the two women said: O my father, hire him. Indeed the best one you can hire is the strong and trustworthy." (28:26)…

Introduction: Photography/depiction is a jurisprudential question without an explicit verse — evidence comes from both Quran and S…

Verse: "Complete the Hajj and Umrah for Allah." (2:196) The disputed question: Is Umrah obligatory like Hajj — or merely a strongl…

The key verse: "Do not be loud in your prayer nor be quiet in it — seek a way between that." (Al-Isra 17:110) Interpretation: Ibn …

First stage — deterrence (Al-Baqarah 2:219): "They ask you about wine and gambling. Say: In both there is great sin and some benef…

Quranic evidence: Harun said to Musa: "O son of my mother, do not seize me by my beard or my head" (Ta-Ha 20:94) — some jurists ci…

The cited verse: "Among people is one who buys idle talk to mislead from the way of Allah" (Luqman 31:6) — Ibn Masud, Ibn Abbas an…

The verse: "Maintain your prayers and the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devotion (qanitin)." (Al-Baqarah 2:238) Meaning…

The two verses: An-Nisa 4:43: "And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes from the toilet, or you have been intimate…

The verse: "And if you are in a state of janabah (major impurity), then purify yourselves." (Al-Maidah 5:6) Occasions requiring gh…

The verse: "O believers! Do not kill game while in a state of ihram. Whoever kills it intentionally, the penalty is an equivalent …

The two verses: "Complete the Hajj and Umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then whatever sacrificial animal is available." …

The two verses: "Whatever you spend or vow — Allah knows it." (Al-Baqarah 2:270) "They fulfill their vows and fear a day whose evi…